Harding, Graham and Harding, Pamela and Wilkins, Arnold (2008) Wind turbines, flicker, and photosensitive epilepsy: Characterizing the flashing that may precipitate seizures and optimizing guidelines to prevent them. Epilepsia, 49 (6). pp. 1095-1098. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01563.x
Harding, Graham and Harding, Pamela and Wilkins, Arnold (2008) Wind turbines, flicker, and photosensitive epilepsy: Characterizing the flashing that may precipitate seizures and optimizing guidelines to prevent them. Epilepsia, 49 (6). pp. 1095-1098. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01563.x
Harding, Graham and Harding, Pamela and Wilkins, Arnold (2008) Wind turbines, flicker, and photosensitive epilepsy: Characterizing the flashing that may precipitate seizures and optimizing guidelines to prevent them. Epilepsia, 49 (6). pp. 1095-1098. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01563.x
Abstract
<jats:title><jats:sc>Summary</jats:sc></jats:title><jats:p> <jats:bold>Wind turbines are known to produce shadow flicker by interruption of sunlight by the turbine blades. Known parameters of the seizure provoking effect of flicker, i.e., contrast, frequency, mark‐space ratio, retinal area stimulated and percentage of visual cortex involved were applied to wind turbine features. The proportion of patients affected by viewing wind turbines expressed as distance in multiples of the hub height of the turbine showed that seizure risk does not decrease significantly until the distance exceeds 100 times the hub height.</jats:bold> </jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>Since risk does not diminish with viewing distance, flash frequency is therefore the critical factor and should be kept to a maximum of three per second, i.e., sixty revolutions per minute for a three‐bladed turbine. On wind farms the shadows cast by one turbine on another should not be viewable by the public if the cumulative flash rate exceeds three per second. Turbine blades should not be reflective.</jats:bold> </jats:p>
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | photosensitive epilepsy; flicker; rotors; visual discomfort; wind farms; wind turbines; green power |
Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Psychology, Department of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 11 Nov 2011 18:27 |
Last Modified: | 07 Aug 2024 19:05 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/1199 |