Ward, Geoff and Tan, Lydia and Grenfell-Essam, Rachel (2010) Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The effects of list length and output order. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36 (5). pp. 1207-1241. DOI https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020122
Ward, Geoff and Tan, Lydia and Grenfell-Essam, Rachel (2010) Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The effects of list length and output order. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36 (5). pp. 1207-1241. DOI https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020122
Ward, Geoff and Tan, Lydia and Grenfell-Essam, Rachel (2010) Examining the relationship between free recall and immediate serial recall: The effects of list length and output order. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36 (5). pp. 1207-1241. DOI https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020122
Abstract
In 4 experiments, participants were presented with lists of between 1 and 15 words for tests of immediate memory. For all tasks, participants tended to initiate recall with the first word on the list for short lists. As the list length was increased, so there was a decreased tendency to start with the first list item; and, when free to do so, participants showed an increased tendency to start with one of the last 4 list items. In all tasks, the start position strongly influenced the shape of the resultant serial position curves: When recall started at Serial Position 1, elevated recall of early list items was observed; when recall started toward the end of the list, there were extended recency effects. These results occurred under immediate free recall (IFR) and different variants of immediate serial recall (ISR) and reconstruction of order (RoO) tasks. We argue that these findings have implications for the relationship between IFR and ISR and between rehearsal and recall. © 2010 American Psychological Association.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Humans; Analysis of Variance; Cues; Memory, Short-Term; Mental Recall; Serial Learning; Time Factors; Vocabulary; Adult |
Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Psychology, Department of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 30 Nov 2011 08:50 |
Last Modified: | 16 May 2024 17:40 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/1685 |