Konings, MJ and Hettinga, FJ (2018) The Impact of Different Competitive Environments on Pacing and Performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13 (6). pp. 701-708. DOI https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0407
Konings, MJ and Hettinga, FJ (2018) The Impact of Different Competitive Environments on Pacing and Performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13 (6). pp. 701-708. DOI https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0407
Konings, MJ and Hettinga, FJ (2018) The Impact of Different Competitive Environments on Pacing and Performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13 (6). pp. 701-708. DOI https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0407
Abstract
Purpose: In real-life competitive situations, athletes are required to continuously make decisions about how and when to invest their available energy resources. This study attempted to identify how different competitive environments invite elite short-track speed skaters to modify their pacing behaviour during head-to-head competition. Methods: Lap times of elite 500, 1000 and 1500 m short-track speed skating competitions between 2011–2016 (n=34095 races) were collected. Log-transformed lap and finishing times were analysed with mixed linear models. The fixed effects in the model were sex, season, stage of competition, start position, competition importance, event number per tournament, number of competitors per race, altitude, and time qualification. The random effects of the model were Athlete identity and the residual (within-athlete race-to-race variation). Separate analyses were performed for each event. Results: Several competitive environments, such as the number of competitors in a race (a higher number of competitors evoked most likely a faster initial pace; CV=1.9-9.3%), the stage of competition (likely to most likely, a slower initial pace was demonstrated in finals; CV=-1.4-2.0%), the possibility of time qualification (most likely a faster initial pace; CV=2.6-5.0%) and competition importance (most likely faster races at the Olympics; CV=1.3-3.5%), altered the pacing decisions of elite skaters in 1000 and 1500 m events. Stage of competition and start position affected 500 m pacing behaviour. Conclusion: As demonstrated in this study, different competitive environments evoked modifications in pacing behavior, in particular in the initial phase of the race, emphasizing the importance of athlete-environment interactions, especially during head-to-head competitions.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pacing strategy; Affordance; Ecological psychology; Decision-making; Sport |
Subjects: | R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC1200 Sports Medicine |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, School of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 28 Nov 2017 12:08 |
Last Modified: | 07 Aug 2024 20:42 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/20732 |
Available files
Filename: KoningsHettinga2017-IJSPP-Theimpactofdifferentcompetitiveenvironmentsonpacingandperformance.pdf