Atta, Randa and Ghanbari, Mohammad and Elnahry, Ibrahim (2021) Advanced image steganography based on exploiting modification direction and neutrosophic set. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80 (14). pp. 21751-21769. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10784-5
Atta, Randa and Ghanbari, Mohammad and Elnahry, Ibrahim (2021) Advanced image steganography based on exploiting modification direction and neutrosophic set. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80 (14). pp. 21751-21769. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10784-5
Atta, Randa and Ghanbari, Mohammad and Elnahry, Ibrahim (2021) Advanced image steganography based on exploiting modification direction and neutrosophic set. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80 (14). pp. 21751-21769. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10784-5
Abstract
A new variant of image steganography based on exploiting modification directions (EMD) named advanced EMD (AEMD) is introduced. In this method the secret digits in mn -ary notional systems are embedded into a group of n pixels of the cover image. To increase data hiding capacity, edge masking characteristics of human visual system is exploited to embed more bits at image edge pixels than non-edge pixels. To do this, a neutrosophic set edge detector, named as MNSED is also introduced to classify cover image into 2 × 2 non-overlapping edge and non-edge blocks without any overhead information. Hence the secret digits in two different bases are embedded into the edge and non-edge blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides higher embedding capacity and better quality compared to the existing schemes, while its resistance to steganographic attack is still higher.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Image steganography; Edge detection; Neutrosophic set |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, School of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 23 Mar 2021 09:33 |
Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2024 17:20 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/30080 |