Muldoon, James and Cant, Callum and Graham, Mark and Ustek, Funda (2023) The Poverty of Ethical AI: Impact Sourcing and AI Supply Chains. AI and Society: the journal of human-centered systems and machine intelligence. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01824-9
Muldoon, James and Cant, Callum and Graham, Mark and Ustek, Funda (2023) The Poverty of Ethical AI: Impact Sourcing and AI Supply Chains. AI and Society: the journal of human-centered systems and machine intelligence. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01824-9
Muldoon, James and Cant, Callum and Graham, Mark and Ustek, Funda (2023) The Poverty of Ethical AI: Impact Sourcing and AI Supply Chains. AI and Society: the journal of human-centered systems and machine intelligence. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01824-9
Abstract
Impact sourcing is the practice of employing socio-economically disadvantaged individuals at business process outsourcing centres to reduce poverty and create secure jobs. One of the pioneers of impact sourcing is Sama, a training-data company that focuses on annotating data for artificial intelligence (AI) systems and claims to support an ethical AI supply chain through its business operations. Drawing on fieldwork undertaken at three of Sama’s East African delivery centres in Kenya and Uganda and follow-up online interviews, this article interrogates Sama’s claims regarding the benefits of its impact sourcing model. Our analysis reveals alarming accounts of low wages, insecure work, a tightly disciplined labour management process, gender-based exploitation and harassment and a system designed to extract value from low-paid workers to produce profits for investors. We argue that competitive market-based dynamics generate a powerful force that pushes such companies towards limiting the actual social impact of their business model in favour of ensuring higher profit margins. This force can be resisted, but only through countervailing measures such as pressure from organised workers, civil society, or regulation. These findings have broad implications related to working conditions for low-wage data annotators across the sector and cast doubt on the ethical nature of AI products that rely on this form of AI data work.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Artificial intelligence; Supply chains; Impact sourcing; Ethical AI |
Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty of Social Sciences > Essex Business School |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 02 Jan 2024 12:37 |
Last Modified: | 06 Jan 2024 03:25 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/37229 |
Available files
Filename: s00146-023-01824-9.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0