Di Cesare, Mariachiara and Perel, Pablo and Taylor, Sean and Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa and Bixby, Honor and Gaziano, Thomas A and McGhie, Diana Vaca and Mwangi, Jeremiah and Pervan, Borjana and Narula, Jagat and Pineiro, Daniel and Pinto, Fausto J (2024) The Heart of the World. Global Heart, 19 (1). 11-. DOI https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1288
Di Cesare, Mariachiara and Perel, Pablo and Taylor, Sean and Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa and Bixby, Honor and Gaziano, Thomas A and McGhie, Diana Vaca and Mwangi, Jeremiah and Pervan, Borjana and Narula, Jagat and Pineiro, Daniel and Pinto, Fausto J (2024) The Heart of the World. Global Heart, 19 (1). 11-. DOI https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1288
Di Cesare, Mariachiara and Perel, Pablo and Taylor, Sean and Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa and Bixby, Honor and Gaziano, Thomas A and McGhie, Diana Vaca and Mwangi, Jeremiah and Pervan, Borjana and Narula, Jagat and Pineiro, Daniel and Pinto, Fausto J (2024) The Heart of the World. Global Heart, 19 (1). 11-. DOI https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1288
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally. Of the 20.5 million CVD-related deaths in 2021, approximately 80% occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, NCD Countdown initiative, WHO Global Health Observatory, and WHO Global Health Expenditure database, we present the burden of CVDs, associated risk factors, their association with national health expenditures, and an index of critical policy implementation. The Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia region face the highest levels of CVD mortality globally. Although CVD mortality levels are generally lower in women than men, this is not true in almost 30% of countries in the North Africa and Middle East and Sub-Saharan regions. Raised blood pressure remains the leading global CVD risk factor, contributing to 10.8 million deaths in 2019. The regions with the highest proportion of countries achieving the maximum score for the WHF Policy Index were South Asia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, and the High-Income regions. The Sub-Saharan Africa region had the highest proportion of countries scoring two or less. Policymakers must assess their country's risk factor profile to craft effective strategies for CVD prevention and management. Fundamental strategies such as the implementation of National Tobacco Control Programmes, ensuring the availability of CVD medications, and establishing specialised units within health ministries to tackle non-communicable diseases should be embraced in all countries. Adequate healthcare system funding is equally vital, ensuring reasonable access to care for all communities.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Cardiovascular Diseases; Europe; Europe, Eastern; Female; Global Health; Humans; Male; Noncommunicable Diseases; Risk Factors |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Health and Social Care, School of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 27 Sep 2024 14:23 |
Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2024 21:10 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/37684 |
Available files
Filename: DiCesare et al Global Heart.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0