AI-Enhanced Integrated Sensing and Communications: Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is pivotal technology for future sixth-generation (6G) communications. It aggregates wireless sensing and communication functionalities into one system while sharing spatial, temporal, and frequency resources. In this article, a review on artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced ISAC is provided, by introducing AI algorithms to ISAC for performance gain. We first present a general system framework for AI-enhanced ISAC, delineating its advancements from the collaboration of sensing, communication, and AI. Subsequently, several potential usage scenarios are outlined, together with the specific requirements and opportunities. Furthermore, we delve into the technical challenges that AI-enhanced ISAC must address. Finally, critical techniques and future research directions are highlighted to leverage the intelligence and adaptability of AI-enhanced ISAC within the prospective 6G ecosystem.