Third-Sector Organizations as Intermediaries in Climate Action: Engaging vulnerable communities in co-production in Bangladesh

Addressing “wicked” problems like climate change requires collaborative efforts from public, private, and third-sector organizations (TSOs), making a co-productive approach especially promising. However, traditional co-production research often overlooks the contributions of TSOs and the voices of marginalized populations. This study addresses these gaps by exploring the role of TSOs as intermediaries in co-producing climate actions by empowering vulnerable communities. Through a case study of a project led by BRAC, a prominent hybrid TSO in Bangladesh, we find that creating a relational space for co-production—in this case, Climate Action Groups—is the key strategy used to foster active engagement and build long-term climate resilience. These spaces reach their full potential when intentionally supported by mechanisms such as awareness raising and shared goals, the incorporation of local knowledge, and inclusive engagement strategies. Our research contributes to the literature by demonstrating how TSOs facilitate meaningful co-production with vulnerable groups, thereby broadening our understanding of their role in climate governance and providing a comprehensive, practice-based model of sustainable, community-led adaptation. These findings offer valuable insights and emphasize the vital role of TSOs in developing practical and sustainable strategies for climate change adaptation.