One-year recovery rates for young people with depression and/or anxiety not receiving treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review 1-year recovery rates for young people experiencing depression and/or anxiety who are not receiving any specific mental health treatment. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Global Health were searched for articles published from 1980 through to August 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Articles were peer-reviewed, published in English and had baseline and 1-year follow-up depression and/or anxiety outcomes for young people aged 10-24 years without specific treatment. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Three reviewers extracted relevant data. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the proportion of individuals classified as recovered after 1 year. The quality of evidence was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Of the 17 250 references screened for inclusion, five articles with 1011 participants in total were included. Studies reported a 1-year recovery rate of between 47% and 64%. In the meta-analysis, the overall pooled proportion of recovered young people is 0.54 (0.45 to 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that after 1 year about 54% of young people with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression recover without any specific mental health treatment. Future research should identify individual characteristics predicting recovery and explore resources and activities which may help young people recover from depression and/or anxiety. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021251556.