Rehabilitation in Iran's Health System: A Qualitative Inquiry Into Policy Landscape and System Strengthening Pathways

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Rehabilitation is essential in supporting individuals with disabilities to improve their functional abilities and independence, and it is considered a key element of universal health coverage (UHC). This study examines the current considerations within Iran's rehabilitation system and offers policy suggestions aimed at strengthening and improving its performance. METHODS: This qualitative study utilized a systematic review of relevant documents, 22 in-depth interviews, and two focus group discussions (FGDs) with 24 participants from different levels of the health system. Participants included policymakers from the Ministry of Health and the Social Security Organization, rehabilitation center managers, and academic faculty. Data were thematically analyzed using MAXQDA version 22. RESULTS: Rehabilitation services in Iran have not yet been fully incorporated into health policy and planning, which has resulted in opportunities for further development in areas such as accessibility, service availability, governance structures, stakeholder coordination, and workforce training. The current governance arrangements and intersectoral collaboration mechanisms may benefit from greater coherence to enhance overall system performance. Moving toward a more unified stewardship framework under the Ministry of Health could contribute to aligning policies and strengthening cross-sectoral coordination. Furthermore, integrating rehabilitation services into primary healthcare represents an important step toward providing comprehensive and continuous care. Designing an evidence-based integration model will require a systematic assessment of existing capacities and resources. CONCLUSION: Enhancing Iran's rehabilitation system can benefit from context-sensitive and evidence-informed policy initiatives. Recognizing rehabilitation as an integral component of universal health coverage may support more equitable access, continuity of services, and improved health outcomes for individuals who require such care.