Images of the Future: Envisioning the Ideal Futures of Artificial Intelligence in Language Education

The present study employs a futurology-oriented approach to examine ideal futures for AI in language teaching. Using semi-structured interviews grounded in futures and foresight studies, this study explored the ideal futures envisioned by 20 international experts in applied linguistics, computer-assisted language learning, and AI. Thematic analysis of the data revealed six ideal futures for the use of AI in language teaching and learning: AI as a personalized conversation and proficiency coach; AI for accessible, inclusive, and equitable language learning; AI as an immersive environment (e.g., AR/VR) for realistic interaction; AI as a teacher supporter; AI for enhanced human communication; and ethical use of AI in language learning. The findings indicate that experts do not envision AI as a replacement for language teachers or pedagogical theory, but rather as a set of complementary, human-centered technologies that enhance communication, interaction, and access to language-learning opportunities.