Beliefs about Beliefs and Endogenous Formation of a Multi-lender Coalition in a Costly State Verification Model

The paper generalizes a costly state verification model along two dimensions: 1) diversity of opinions, and 2) endogenous formation of a financial intermediary, modeled as a multilender coalition. In contrast with previous contributions (e.g. 35 and 36), our model can account for the coexistence of financial intermediation and direct lending (a non-trivial equilibrium). We prove the existence of such non-trivial equilibria and provide a complete characterization of them. Under some parameter conditions, the stronger the diversity of opinions, the smaller the expected coalition size.