Hannah, Mary Kathleen and Batty, G David and Benzeval, Michaela (2013) Common mental disorders and mortality in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: comparing the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 67 (7). pp. 558-563. DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2012-201927
Hannah, Mary Kathleen and Batty, G David and Benzeval, Michaela (2013) Common mental disorders and mortality in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: comparing the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 67 (7). pp. 558-563. DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2012-201927
Hannah, Mary Kathleen and Batty, G David and Benzeval, Michaela (2013) Common mental disorders and mortality in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: comparing the General Health Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 67 (7). pp. 558-563. DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2012-201927
Abstract
Background While various measures of common mental disorders (CMD) have been found to be associated with mortality, a comparison of how different measures predict mortality may improve our understanding of the association. This paper compares how the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) predict all cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods Data on 2547 men and women from two cohorts, aged approximately 39 and 55 years, from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study who were followed up for mortality over an average of 18.9 (SD 5.0) years. Scores were calculated for HADS depression (HADS-D), HADS Anxiety (HADS-A) and GHQ-30. Cox Proportional Hazards Models were used to determine how each CMD measure predicted mortality. Results After adjusting for serious physical illness, smoking, social class, alcohol, obesity, pulse rate and living alone, HRs (95% CI) per SD increase in score for all-cause mortality were: 1.15 (1.07 to 1.25) for HADSD; 1.13 (1.04 to 1.23) for GHQ-30 and 1.05 (0.96 to 1.14) for HADS-A. After the same adjustments, cardiovascular disease mortality was also related to HADS-D (HR 1.24 (1.07 to 1.43)), to GHQ-30 (HR 1.24 (1.11 to 1.40)) and to HADS-A (HR 1.15 (1.01 to 1.32)); respiratory mortality to GHQ-30 (HR 1.33 (1.13 to 1.55)) and mortality from other causes, excluding injuries, to HADS-D (HR 1.28 (1.05 to 1.55)). Conclusions There were associations between CMD and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality which were broadly similar for GHQ-30 and HADS-D and were still present after adjustment for important confounders and mediators.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Humans; Health Status Indicators; Mortality; Cause of Death; Proportional Hazards Models; Cohort Studies; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Adult; Middle Aged; Scotland; Female; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires |
Subjects: | H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) |
Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty of Social Sciences > Institute for Social and Economic Research |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 18 Jul 2013 21:37 |
Last Modified: | 18 Aug 2022 11:34 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7124 |
Available files
Filename: J Epidemiol Community Health-2013-Hannah-558-63.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0