Ginga na Avenida. A capoeira no carnaval carioca, 1954-1976 [Ginga in the parade: capoeira in cariocan carnival (1954-1976)]

The article highlights the importance of the pernada tradition, which already existed in samba and carnival prior to the arrival of the Bahian capoeiras in Rio de Janeiro during the 1950s and 1960s. Some of the latter, for example Joel Lourenço dos Santos, became an integral part of the samba schools. The insertion of capoeira in the Rio de Janeiro carnival occurred in various ways. The samba schools and blocos organized capoeira exhibitions as part of folklore shows that took place in their courts (quadras) or other closed spaces to attract a wider audience and earn funds. Mangueira started in 1961 to integrate a ‘wing’ (ala) in their parade, and other samba schools followed during the 1960s. The blocos de embalo Cacique de Ramos and Bafo da Onça also had capoeira groups playing during their parades. All this contributed greatly to the dissemination of the new type of capoeira, whilst also folklorizing the practice