Studies of Different Swarm Modes for the MNPs Under the Rotating Magnetic Field

The principal constraint in the application of the microrobots in drug delivery is swarm control. The rotating magnetic field has shown the potential of capturing and controlling the swarm of magnetic nanoparticle-based microrobots. Despite various experimental studies to capture the swarm of the magnetic nanoparticle-based microrobot in a rotating magnetic field, a simulation platform for the swarm of aggregated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has not been introduced. This study proposes a simulation platform to study the swarm of aggregated magnetic nanoparticles in a rotating field. An experimental setup was developed to investigate the different swarm modes in a rotating magnetic field, and the results show an agreement between the experimental and simulation results for the micro- and nanoparticles. The effects of the environmental parameters (initial dispersion of nanoparticles), process parameters (magnetic field intensity, frequency, actuation time), and geometrical parameters (particle diameter) were studied to describe the swarm behavior in a rotating magnetic field. These studies revealed the role of each parameter in creating the swarm and showed how the size of aggregates can be controlled. The presented approach can be used to design the magnetic nanoparticle-based microrobots effectively.