Liew, Bernard XW and Rügamer, David and Zhai, Xiaojun and Wang, Yucheng and Morris, Susan and Netto, Kevin (2021) Comparing shallow, deep, and transfer learning in predicting joint moments in running. Journal of Biomechanics, 129. p. 110820. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110820
Liew, Bernard XW and Rügamer, David and Zhai, Xiaojun and Wang, Yucheng and Morris, Susan and Netto, Kevin (2021) Comparing shallow, deep, and transfer learning in predicting joint moments in running. Journal of Biomechanics, 129. p. 110820. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110820
Liew, Bernard XW and Rügamer, David and Zhai, Xiaojun and Wang, Yucheng and Morris, Susan and Netto, Kevin (2021) Comparing shallow, deep, and transfer learning in predicting joint moments in running. Journal of Biomechanics, 129. p. 110820. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110820
Abstract
Joint moments are commonly calculated in biomechanics research and provide an indirect measure of muscular behaviors and joint loads. However, joint moments cannot be easily quantified clinically or in the field, primarily due to challenges measuring ground reaction forces outside the laboratory. The present study aimed to compare the accuracy of three different machine learning (ML) techniques - functional regression [ ML<sub>fregress</sub> ], a deep neural network (DNN) built from scratch [ ML<sub>DNN</sub> ], and transfer learning [ ML<sub>TL</sub> ], in predicting joint moments during running. Data for this study came from an open-source dataset and two studies on running with and without external loads. Three-dimensional (3D) joint moments of the hip, knee, and ankle, were derived using inverse dynamics. 3D joint angle, velocity, and acceleration of the three joints served as predictors for each of the three ML techniques. Prediction performance was generally the best using ML<sub>DNN</sub>, and the worse using ML<sub>fregress</sub>. Absolute predictive performance was the best for sagittal plane moments, which ranged from a RMSE of 0.16 Nm/kg at the ankle using ML<sub>DNN</sub>, to a RMSE of 0.49Nm/kg at the knee using ML<sub>fregress</sub>. ML<sub>DNN</sub> resulted in the greatest improvement in relative prediction performance (relRMSE) by 20% compared to ML<sub>fregress</sub> for the ankle adduction-abduction moment. DNN with or without transfer learning was superior in predicting joint moments using kinematic inputs compared to functional regression. Synergizing ML with kinematic inputs has the potential to solve the constraints of obtaining high fidelity biomechanics data normally only possible during laboratory studies.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Running biomechanics; Inverse dynamics; Machine learning; Deep learning |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, School of Faculty of Science and Health > Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, School of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 20 Dec 2021 14:40 |
Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2024 16:31 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/31909 |
Available files
Filename: paper_R1_v3.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0