From deregulation to the twin transition: Exploring banking strategies for sustainability and digitalisation

This article explores the evolution of empirical banking research in developed countries over the past 30 years, reflecting the sector’s adaptation to changing regulatory and economic environments. We identify key areas that have shaped banking research, including priorities and strategies during the deregulation era and the culture crisis triggered by the global financial crisis. The discussion then shifts to two critical emerging themes: sustainability and digitalisation, highlighting their convergence in a ‘twin transition’ that addresses the interconnected challenges of climate change and technological disruption, both of which demand transformative approaches to banking practices, strategies, and policies.