Strange, Richard W and Hough, Michael A and Antonyuk, Svetlana V and Hasnain, S Samar (2012) Structural Evidence for a Copper-Bound Carbonate Intermediate in the Peroxidase and Dismutase Activities of Superoxide Dismutase. PLoS ONE, 7 (9). e44811-e44811. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044811
Strange, Richard W and Hough, Michael A and Antonyuk, Svetlana V and Hasnain, S Samar (2012) Structural Evidence for a Copper-Bound Carbonate Intermediate in the Peroxidase and Dismutase Activities of Superoxide Dismutase. PLoS ONE, 7 (9). e44811-e44811. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044811
Strange, Richard W and Hough, Michael A and Antonyuk, Svetlana V and Hasnain, S Samar (2012) Structural Evidence for a Copper-Bound Carbonate Intermediate in the Peroxidase and Dismutase Activities of Superoxide Dismutase. PLoS ONE, 7 (9). e44811-e44811. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044811
Abstract
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is of fundamental importance to our understanding of oxidative damage. Its primary function is catalysing the dismutation of superoxide to O2 and H2O2. SOD also reacts with H2O2, leading to the formation of a strong copper-bound oxidant species that can either inactivate the enzyme or oxidise other substrates. In the presence of bicarbonate (or CO2) and H2O2, this peroxidase activity is enhanced and produces the carbonate radical. This freely diffusible reactive oxygen species is proposed as the agent for oxidation of large substrates that are too bulky to enter the active site. Here, we provide direct structural evidence, from a 2.15 Å resolution crystal structure, of (bi)carbonate captured at the active site of reduced SOD, consistent with the view that a bound carbonate intermediate could be formed, producing a diffusible carbonate radical upon reoxidation of copper. The bound carbonate blocks direct access of substrates to Cu(I), suggesting that an adjunct to the accepted mechanism of SOD catalysed dismutation of superoxide operates, with Cu(I) oxidation by superoxide being driven via a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism involving the bound carbonate rather than the solvent. Carbonate is captured in a different site when SOD is oxidised, being located in the active site channel adjacent to the catalytically important Arg143. This is the probable route of diffusion from the active site following reoxidation of the copper. In this position, the carbonate is poised for re-entry into the active site and binding to the reduced copper. © 2012 Strange et al.
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Uncontrolled Keywords: | Humans; Carbonates; Bicarbonates; Hydrogen Peroxide; Superoxides; Copper; Free Radicals; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase; Solvents; Crystallography, X-Ray; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Molecular Conformation; Protein Binding; Catalysis; Scattering, Radiation |
Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Life Sciences, School of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 18 Oct 2012 21:40 |
Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2024 17:07 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/4045 |
Available files
Filename: journal.pone.0044811.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0