Mobile Biometrics: Innovations, Challenges, and Emerging Trends

Mobile biometrics have steadily developed into one of the most crucial components of mobile security and have evolved dramatically in the last ten years. This paper aims at highlighting the major events that have taken place in this field, starting from the use of fingerprint sensors and ending up with the use of physiological (face and fingerprint) and behavioural biometrics (touch, voice, and gait). Further, it assesses the development in the hardware and the software, such as the advancement in the sensing technology, the application of artificial intelligence, and the development of multimodal systems resulting in enhanced security, convenience to the users and growth in the finance, healthcare and digital identity verification sectors, just to name a few. Furthermore, the paper identifies some of the challenges, such as privacy concerns, security risks, legal implications and technological limitations, that are associated with the use of biometrics. In addition, it also highlights the latest developments, such as the concept of decentralized biometric data storage and the use of blockchain, and suggests future research and development directions. Finally, the paper highlights the need for ongoing innovation, industry collaboration, and the establishment of ethical standards to ensure the responsible evolution of mobile biometrics.