AoI-OptiIoBNT: Age of Information-Driven DNA-Based Internet of Bio-Nano Things Optimization

The Internet of Bio-Nano Things (IoBNT) integrates biosensors, nanorobots, and molecular communication, significantly extending the functionality of traditional IoT systems on a nano-scale. It holds promise for targeted drug delivery and real-time health monitoring applications. However, IoBNT faces critical challenges, including high delay, low network reliability, and congestion, primarily due to the’ complex and dynamic nature of biological environments. DNA emerges as an ideal information carrier for IoBNT due to its high information density, longevity, biocompatibility, and robustness against environmental interference. These properties make DNA uniquely suited for reliable and efficient communication within IoBNT, with additional functionalities in bio-sensing and DNA computing. This article proposes Age of Information (AoI)-OptiIoBNT, an innovative routing and packet forwarding strategy designed to optimize DNA-based information flow in IoBNT. AoI-OptiIoBNT combines an AoI-driven approach with a Markov decision process (MDP)-based routing algorithm to mitigate delay and congestion. It incorporates a multiretransmission strategy to enhance network reliability and introduces a Yin-Yang coding (YYC) mechanism to reduce error rates and improve decoding accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that AoI-OptiIoBNT substantially improves the efficiency, reliability, and overall performance of IoBNT networks. It offers a robust framework for addressing congestion, packet loss, and delay, making it a promising solution for advancing IoBNT applications.