Electronically Beam-Steered Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This paper presents a compact 2×2 dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array with two-dimensional beam-steering capabilities for modern wireless communication systems. The design employs high-permittivity materials (ε = 9.9 for the DRA and εₛ = 3.66 for the substrate) and a four-way microstrip feed network with integrated phase shifters to enable directional beam control in both the X- and Y-planes. The proposed array achieves beam steering up to ±15° while maintaining circular polarization (CP) across the steering range. The DRA dimensions are optimized using the dielectric waveguide model (DWM) and validated through CST eigenmode simulations. Experimental results demonstrate efficient beam steering with low insertion loss, stable impedance matching, and robust polarization performance, making the proposed array well-suited for millimeter-wave 5G and beyond-5G applications.