Energy Detection over Composite κ − μ Shadowed Fading Channels with Inverse Gaussian Distribution

This paper investigates the characteristics of energy detection (ED) over composite κ–μ shadowed fading channels in device-to-device (D2D) networks. We have derived the closedform expressions of the probability density function (PDF) of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on the Inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution. By adopting some novel integration and mathematical transformation techniques, we derive a truncation-based closed-form expression for the average detection probability for the first time. It can be observed from our simulations that the number of propagation paths has a more pronounced effect on average detection probability compared to average SNR, which contrasts with earlier studies that focus on D2D networks. It suggests that for D2D networks design, we shall consider enhancing transmitter-receiver placement and antenna alignment strategies, rather than relying solely on increasing the D2D average SNR.