Network Signal Analysis for Engineering Multitrophic Plant Health Communication Systems

Sustainable agriculture is increasingly dependent on the soil microbiota to reduce synthetic chemical inputs. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are promising agents for pest control and plant health enhancement, yet their co-culture poses design challenges. This work models an EPN–PGPR co-culture as a multitrophic network and applies graph signal processing to analyse interaction dynamics. The results reveal storage-induced structural fragilities and provide a principled basis for optimising experimental design, supporting robust development toward scalable, sustainable plant health applications.