Pattern formation in PMZC plankton model

In this paper, we focus on the phenomenon of pattern formation in a reaction diffusion model of plankton dynamics which includes support for infochemically mediated trophic interactions. We consider a four species model created on the basis of the two species models which have been studied previously. In our model, which is an extended version of these previous models, the grazing pressure of microzooplankton (M) on phytoplankton (P) is controlled through external infochemically (C) mediated predation by copepods (Z). We undertake a stability analysis of both the two species and the four species models and compare their system dynamics. We compared the mathematical roots related to these models using both numerical and analytical methods, and we found consistency between the two approaches using asymptotic expansion. We also explored spatial pattern formation in relation to both forms of model and considered under what conditions Turing patterns are exhibited and when spatiotemporal chaos can be observed. An attempt was made to study the non-Turing patterns which were discovered with a special emphasis on spatiotemporal chaos.