Efthimiou, Themis Nikolas and Hernandez, Monica Perusquia and Elsenaar, Arthur and Mehu, Marc and Korb, Sebastian (2023) Application of facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) in psychophysiological research: Practical recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature. Behavior Research Methods, 56 (4). pp. 2941-2976. DOI https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02262-7
Efthimiou, Themis Nikolas and Hernandez, Monica Perusquia and Elsenaar, Arthur and Mehu, Marc and Korb, Sebastian (2023) Application of facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) in psychophysiological research: Practical recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature. Behavior Research Methods, 56 (4). pp. 2941-2976. DOI https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02262-7
Efthimiou, Themis Nikolas and Hernandez, Monica Perusquia and Elsenaar, Arthur and Mehu, Marc and Korb, Sebastian (2023) Application of facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) in psychophysiological research: Practical recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature. Behavior Research Methods, 56 (4). pp. 2941-2976. DOI https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02262-7
Abstract
Facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES), which allows for the non-invasive and physiologically sound activation of facial muscles, has great potential for investigating fundamental questions in psychology and neuroscience, such as the role of proprioceptive facial feedback in emotion induction and emotion recognition, and may serve for clinical applications, such as alleviating symptoms of depression. However, despite illustrious origins in the 19th-century work of Duchenne de Boulogne, the practical application of fNMES remains largely unknown to today's researchers in psychology. In addition, published studies vary dramatically in the stimulation parameters used, such as stimulation frequency, amplitude, duration, and electrode size, and in the way they reported them. Because fNMES parameters impact the comfort and safety of volunteers, as well as its physiological (and psychological) effects, it is of paramount importance to establish recommendations of good practice and to ensure studies can be better compared and integrated. Here, we provide an introduction to fNMES, systematically review the existing literature focusing on the stimulation parameters used, and offer recommendations on how to safely and reliably deliver fNMES and on how to report the fNMES parameters to allow better cross-study comparison. In addition, we provide a free webpage, to easily visualise fNMES parameters and verify their safety based on current density. As an example of a potential application, we focus on the use of fNMES for the investigation of the facial feedback hypothesis.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | NMES; Facial muscles; Emotion; Facial feedback; Electrical stimulation |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Psychology, Department of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 18 Jan 2024 10:09 |
Last Modified: | 31 May 2024 23:27 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/36672 |
Available files
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Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0