Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F and Guttenberg, Nicholas and Huertas, Blanca (2024) Male and female contributions to diversity among birdwing butterfly images. Communications Biology, 7 (1). 774-. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06376-2
Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F and Guttenberg, Nicholas and Huertas, Blanca (2024) Male and female contributions to diversity among birdwing butterfly images. Communications Biology, 7 (1). 774-. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06376-2
Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F and Guttenberg, Nicholas and Huertas, Blanca (2024) Male and female contributions to diversity among birdwing butterfly images. Communications Biology, 7 (1). 774-. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06376-2
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) newly enables tests for higher inter-species diversity in visible phenotype (disparity) among males versus females, predictions made from Darwinian sexual selection versus Wallacean natural selection, respectively. Here, we use ML to quantify variation across a sample of > 16,000 dorsal and ventral photographs of the sexually dimorphic birdwing butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Validation of image embedding distances, learnt by a triplet-trained, deep convolutional neural network, shows ML can be used for automated reconstruction of phenotypic evolution achieving measures of phylogenetic congruence to genetic species trees within a range sampled among genetic trees themselves. Quantification of sexual disparity difference (male versus female embedding distance), shows sexually and phylogenetically variable inter-species disparity. Ornithoptera exemplify high embedded male image disparity, diversification of selective optima in fitted multi-peak OU models and accelerated divergence, with cases of extreme divergence in allopatry and sympatry. However, genus Troides shows inverted patterns, including comparatively static male embedded phenotype, and higher female than male disparity - though within an inferred selective regime common to these females. Birdwing shapes and colour patterns that are most phenotypically distinctive in ML similarity are generally those of males. However, either sex can contribute majoritively to observed phenotypic diversity among species.
Item Type: | Article |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Animals; Biological Evolution; Butterflies; Female; Machine Learning; Male; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Sex Characteristics; Wings, Animal |
Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Health Faculty of Science and Health > Life Sciences, School of |
SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
Date Deposited: | 19 Jul 2024 13:55 |
Last Modified: | 19 Jul 2024 13:55 |
URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/38810 |
Available files
Filename: s42003-024-06376-2.pdf
Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0