Taylor, Amy E and Fluharty, Meg E and Bjørngaard, Johan H and Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad and Skorpen, Frank and Marioni, Riccardo E and Campbell, Archie and Engmann, Jorgen and Mirza, Saira Saeed and Loukola, Anu and Laatikainen, Tiina and Partonen, Timo and Kaakinen, Marika and Ducci, Francesca and Cavadino, Alana and Husemoen, Lise Lotte N and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh and Jacobsen, Rikke Kart and Skaaby, Tea and Ebstrup, Jeanette Frost and Mortensen, Erik Lykke and Minica, Camelia C and Vink, Jacqueline M and Willemsen, Gonneke and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Dale, Caroline E and Amuzu, Antoinette and Lennon, Lucy T and Lahti, Jari and Palotie, Aarno and Räikkönen, Katri and Wong, Andrew and Paternoster, Lavinia and Wong, Angelita Pui-Yee and Horwood, L John and Murphy, Michael and Johnstone, Elaine C and Kennedy, Martin A and Pausova, Zdenka and Paus, Tomáš and Ben-Shlomo, Yoav and Nohr, Ellen A and Kuh, Diana and Kivimaki, Mika and Eriksson, Johan G and Morris, Richard W and Casas, Juan P and Preisig, Martin and Boomsma, Dorret I and Linneberg, Allan and Power, Chris and Hyppönen, Elina and Veijola, Juha and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Korhonen, Tellervo and Tiemeier, Henning and Kumari, Meena and Porteous, David J and Hayward, Caroline and Romundstad, Pål R and Smith, George Davey and Munafò, Marcus R (2014) Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium. BMJ Open, 4 (10). e006141-e006141. DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006141
Taylor, Amy E and Fluharty, Meg E and Bjørngaard, Johan H and Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad and Skorpen, Frank and Marioni, Riccardo E and Campbell, Archie and Engmann, Jorgen and Mirza, Saira Saeed and Loukola, Anu and Laatikainen, Tiina and Partonen, Timo and Kaakinen, Marika and Ducci, Francesca and Cavadino, Alana and Husemoen, Lise Lotte N and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh and Jacobsen, Rikke Kart and Skaaby, Tea and Ebstrup, Jeanette Frost and Mortensen, Erik Lykke and Minica, Camelia C and Vink, Jacqueline M and Willemsen, Gonneke and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Dale, Caroline E and Amuzu, Antoinette and Lennon, Lucy T and Lahti, Jari and Palotie, Aarno and Räikkönen, Katri and Wong, Andrew and Paternoster, Lavinia and Wong, Angelita Pui-Yee and Horwood, L John and Murphy, Michael and Johnstone, Elaine C and Kennedy, Martin A and Pausova, Zdenka and Paus, Tomáš and Ben-Shlomo, Yoav and Nohr, Ellen A and Kuh, Diana and Kivimaki, Mika and Eriksson, Johan G and Morris, Richard W and Casas, Juan P and Preisig, Martin and Boomsma, Dorret I and Linneberg, Allan and Power, Chris and Hyppönen, Elina and Veijola, Juha and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Korhonen, Tellervo and Tiemeier, Henning and Kumari, Meena and Porteous, David J and Hayward, Caroline and Romundstad, Pål R and Smith, George Davey and Munafò, Marcus R (2014) Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium. BMJ Open, 4 (10). e006141-e006141. DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006141
Taylor, Amy E and Fluharty, Meg E and Bjørngaard, Johan H and Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad and Skorpen, Frank and Marioni, Riccardo E and Campbell, Archie and Engmann, Jorgen and Mirza, Saira Saeed and Loukola, Anu and Laatikainen, Tiina and Partonen, Timo and Kaakinen, Marika and Ducci, Francesca and Cavadino, Alana and Husemoen, Lise Lotte N and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh and Jacobsen, Rikke Kart and Skaaby, Tea and Ebstrup, Jeanette Frost and Mortensen, Erik Lykke and Minica, Camelia C and Vink, Jacqueline M and Willemsen, Gonneke and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Dale, Caroline E and Amuzu, Antoinette and Lennon, Lucy T and Lahti, Jari and Palotie, Aarno and Räikkönen, Katri and Wong, Andrew and Paternoster, Lavinia and Wong, Angelita Pui-Yee and Horwood, L John and Murphy, Michael and Johnstone, Elaine C and Kennedy, Martin A and Pausova, Zdenka and Paus, Tomáš and Ben-Shlomo, Yoav and Nohr, Ellen A and Kuh, Diana and Kivimaki, Mika and Eriksson, Johan G and Morris, Richard W and Casas, Juan P and Preisig, Martin and Boomsma, Dorret I and Linneberg, Allan and Power, Chris and Hyppönen, Elina and Veijola, Juha and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Korhonen, Tellervo and Tiemeier, Henning and Kumari, Meena and Porteous, David J and Hayward, Caroline and Romundstad, Pål R and Smith, George Davey and Munafò, Marcus R (2014) Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: the CARTA consortium. BMJ Open, 4 (10). e006141-e006141. DOI https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006141
Abstract
<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, and observational meta-analyses of the associations of smoking status and smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants</jats:title><jats:p>Current, former and never smokers of European ancestry aged ≥16 years from 25 studies in the Consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary outcome measures</jats:title><jats:p>Binary definitions of depression, anxiety and psychological distress assessed by clinical interview, symptom scales or self-reported recall of clinician diagnosis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The analytic sample included up to 58 176 never smokers, 37 428 former smokers and 32 028 current smokers (total N=127 632). In observational analyses, current smokers had 1.85 times greater odds of depression (95% CI 1.65 to 2.07), 1.71 times greater odds of anxiety (95% CI 1.54 to 1.90) and 1.69 times greater odds of psychological distress (95% CI 1.56 to 1.83) than never smokers. Former smokers also had greater odds of depression, anxiety and psychological distress than never smokers. There was evidence for positive associations of smoking heaviness with depression, anxiety and psychological distress (ORs per cigarette per day: 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04), 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.04) and 1.02 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.03) respectively). In Mendelian randomisation analyses, there was no strong evidence that the minor allele of rs16969968/rs1051730 was associated with depression (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.05), anxiety (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.07) or psychological distress (OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06) in current smokers. Results were similar for former smokers.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Findings from Mendelian randomisation analyses do not support a causal role of smoking heaviness in the development of depression and anxiety.</jats:p></jats:sec>
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Humans; Receptors, Nicotinic; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Depression; Stress, Psychological; Smoking; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Causality; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Young Adult; Mendelian Randomization Analysis |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) R Medicine > R Medicine (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty of Social Sciences > Institute for Social and Economic Research |
| SWORD Depositor: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
| Depositing User: | Unnamed user with email elements@essex.ac.uk |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Feb 2015 13:49 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Dec 2024 06:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.essex.ac.uk/id/eprint/12669 |
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Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0
Filename: bmjopen-2014-006141supp.pdf