The interactive effect on employment of the education of spouses and partners: Norway, Britain and Germany

Using data from Norway (1970 and 1980), and Britain and Germany (1991) the hypothesis is tested that spouses and partners benefit from each other's education. Through access to greater support, guidance, and motivation, they enjoy a more remunerative career. However, as a woman's career is often constrained in favour of homecare, her partner might benefit more than she does. This is also tested and found to be the case. Nevertheless, these countries differ in the relationship between the family and work. A further hypothesis is therefore tested that asymmetry in favour of the man is strongest in the more 'traditional' pattern (lower female employment, more couples where the man is more highly educated). This is broadly but not entirely confirmed.