Items where Division is "Faculty of Science and Health > Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, School of " and Year is 2010

Article

Adams, MJ and Hurtado, A and Labukhin, D and Henning, ID (2010) Nonlinear semiconductor lasers and amplifiers for all-optical information processing. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 20 (3). 037102-. DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3491096

Al-Hosiny, NM and El-Agmy, R and Abd El-Raheem, MM and Adams, MJ (2010) Distributed feedback (DFB) laser under strong optical injection. Optics Communications, 283 (4). pp. 579-582. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.10.100

Awwad Shiekh Hasan, Bashar and Gan, John Q (2010) Unsupervised movement onset detection from EEG recorded during self-paced real hand movement. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 48 (3). pp. 245-253. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0550-0

BECHTOLD, ULRIKE and LAWSON, TRACY and MEJIA‐CARRANZA, JAIME and MEYER, RHONDA C and BROWN, IAN R and ALTMANN, THOMAS and TON, JURRIAAN and MULLINEAUX, PHILIP M (2010) Constitutive salicylic acid defences do not compromise seed yield, drought tolerance and water productivity in the <i>Arabidopsis</i> accession C24. Plant, Cell &amp; Environment, 33 (11). pp. 1959-1973. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02198.x

Baroni, Marco and Murphy, Brian and Barbu, Eduard and Poesio, Massimo (2010) Strudel: A Corpus‐Based Semantic Model Based on Properties and Types. Cognitive Science, 34 (2). pp. 222-254. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01068.x

Bellotto, N and Hu, H (2010) A Bank of Unscented Kalman Filters for Multimodal Human Perception with Mobile Service Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 2 (1). pp. 121-136.

Bellotto, Nicola and Hu, Huosheng (2010) A Bank of Unscented Kalman Filters for Multimodal Human Perception with Mobile Service Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 2 (2). pp. 121-136. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-010-0047-x

Bellotto, Nicola and Hu, Huosheng (2010) Computationally efficient solutions for tracking people with a mobile robot: an experimental evaluation of Bayesian filters. Autonomous Robots, 28 (4). pp. 425-438. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-009-9167-2

Borenstein, Yossi and Shah, Nazaraf and Tsang, Edward and Dorne, Raphael and Alsheddy, Abdullah and Voudouris, Christos (2010) On the partitioning of dynamic workforce scheduling problems. Journal of Scheduling, 13 (4). pp. 411-425. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10951-009-0152-6

Bulja, S and Mirshekar-Syahkal, D (2010) Meander line millimetre-wave liquid crystal based phase shifter. Electronics Letters, 46 (11). pp. 769-771. DOI https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.3513

Bulja, S and Mirshekar-Syahkal, D (2010) Novel Wideband Transition Between Coplanar Waveguide and Microstrip Line. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 58 (7). pp. 1851-1857. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2010.2050094

Bulja, S and Mirshekar‐Syahkal, D (2010) Analysis and design of a new reflection‐type 360° phase shifter with combined switch and varactor. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 52 (3). pp. 530-535. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.24975

Chorti, Arsenia (2010) How to Model the Near‐to‐the‐Carrier Regime and the Lower Knee Frequency of Real RF Oscillators. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010 (1). 537132:1-537132:1. DOI https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/537132

Cinel, Caterina and Avons, Steve E and Russo, Riccardo (2010) Semantic activation and letter search: Blocking or suppression? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63 (3). pp. 580-594. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903038966

Citi, L and Klerman, EB and Brown, EN and Barbieri, R (2010) Point process Heart Rate Variability assessment during sleep deprivation. Computing in Cardiology, 37. pp. 721-724.

Citi, L and Poli, R and Cinel, C (2010) Documenting, modelling and exploiting P300 amplitude changes due to variable target delays in Donchin's speller. Journal of Neural Engineering, 7 (5). creators-Citi=3ALuca=3A=3A. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/7/5/056006

Citi, Luca and Poli, Riccardo and Cinel, Caterina (2010) Documenting, modelling and exploiting P300 amplitude changes due to variable target delays in Donchin's speller. Journal of Neural Engineering, 7 (5). 056006. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/7/5/056006

Deo, Prafulla and Mehta, Amit and Mirshekar-Syahkal, Dariush and Massey, Peter J and Nakano, Hisamatsu (2010) Thickness Reduction and Performance Enhancement of Steerable Square Loop Antenna Using Hybrid High Impedance Surface. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 58 (5). pp. 1477-1485. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2010.2044339

Duman, Hakan and Hagras, Hani and Callaghan, Victor (2010) A multi-society-based intelligent association discovery and selection for ambient intelligence environments. ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems, 5 (2). pp. 1-34. DOI https://doi.org/10.1145/1740600.1740603

Dyson, M and Sepulveda, Francisco and Gan, John Q (2010) Localisation of cognitive tasks used in EEG-based BCIs. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121 (9). pp. 1481-1493. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.03.011

Ehsan, Shoaib and Kanwal, Nadia and Clark, Adrian F and McDonald-Maier, Klaus D (2010) Improved repeatability measures for evaluating performance of feature detectors. Electronics Letters, 46 (14). p. 998. DOI https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1442

Fox, C and Lappin, S (2010) Expressiveness and Complexity in Underspecified Semantics. Linguistic Analysis, 36 (1-4). pp. 385-417.

Geng, T and Gan, JQ and Hu, H (2010) A self-paced online BCI for mobile robot control. International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems, 2 (1-2). pp. 28-35. DOI https://doi.org/10.1504/ijamechs.2010.030846

Geng, T and Gan, JQ and Hu, H (2010) A self-paced online BCI for mobile robot control. International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems, 2 (1-2). pp. 28-35.

Graff, Mario and Poli, Riccardo (2010) Practical performance models of algorithms in evolutionary program induction and other domains. Artificial Intelligence, 174 (15). pp. 1254-1276. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2010.07.005

Gutin, Gregory and Karapetyan, Daniel (2010) A memetic algorithm for the generalized traveling salesman problem. Natural Computing, 9 (1). pp. 47-60. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-009-9111-6

Henning, Ian D and Adams, Michael J and Sun, Yun and Moodie, David G and Rogers, Dave C and Cannard, Paul J and Dosanjh, Sukhjiban Jeevan and Skuse, Mark and Firth, Richard J (2010) Broadband Antenna-Integrated, Edge-Coupled Photomixers for Tuneable Terahertz Sources. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 46 (10). pp. 1498-1505. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2010.2052353

Huang, Zhiwu and Yang, Yingze and Hu, osheng and Lin, Kuo Chi (2010) A fast handover scheme based on multiple mobile router cooperation for a train-based mobile network. International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, 10 (3/4). p. 202. DOI https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2010.034572

Huiyu Zhou and Huosheng Hu (2010) Reducing Drifts in the Inertial Measurements of Wrist and Elbow Positions. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59 (3). pp. 575-585. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2025065

Hurtado, Antonio and Henning, Ian D and Adams, Michael J (2010) Optical neuron using polarisation switching in a 1550nm-VCSEL. Optics Express, 18 (24). p. 25170. DOI https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.025170

Hurtado, Antonio and Quirce, Ana and Valle, Angel and Pesquera, Luis and Adams, Michael J (2010) Nonlinear dynamics induced by parallel and orthogonal optical injection in 1550 nm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). Optics Express, 18 (9). p. 9423. DOI https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.009423

Kanaras, I and Chorti, A and Rodrigues, MRD and Darwazeh, I (2010) A Fast Constrained Sphere Decoder for Ill Conditioned Communication Systems. IEEE Communications Letters, 14 (11). pp. 999-1001. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2010.093010.100918

Labukhin, Dmitry and Stolz, Christopher A and Zakhleniuk, Nickolay A and Loudon, Rodney and Adams, Michael J (2010) Nonlinear Dynamics of Multi-Section Tunable Lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 46 (5). pp. 689-699. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2010.2046881

Lee and Wang and Hagras (2010) A Type-2 Fuzzy Ontology and its Application to Personal Diabetic Diet Recommendation. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 18 (2). pp. 374-395. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2010.2042454

Lee, C and Wang, M and Acampora, G and Hsu, C and Hagras, H (2010) Type-2 Fuzzy Markup Language Based Ontology and Its Application to Diet Assessment. The International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 25 (12). pp. 1187-1216.

Lin, Lixin and Jiang, Xinhua and Huang, Zhiwu and Hu, osheng (2010) Application of advanced fault diagnosis technology in electric locomotives. International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control, 10 (3/4). p. 292. DOI https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2010.034581

Lisesivdin, SB and Yildiz, A and Balkan, N and Kasap, M and Ozcelik, S and Ozbay, E (2010) Scattering analysis of two-dimensional electrons in AlGaN/GaN with bulk related parameters extracted by simple parallel conduction extraction method. Journal of Applied Physics, 108 (1). 013712-013712. DOI https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3456008

Liu, Jindong and Hu, Huosheng (2010) Biological inspiration: From carangiform fish to multi-joint robotic fish. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 7 (1). pp. 35-48. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(09)60184-0

Mendel, Jerry and Zadeh, Lotfi and Trillas, Enric and Yager, Ronald and Lawry, Jonathan and Hagras, Hani and Guadarrama, Sergio (2010) What Computing with Words Means to Me [Discussion Forum. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 5 (1). pp. 20-26. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/mci.2009.934561

Micera, S and Citi, L and Rigosa, J and Carpaneto, J and Raspopovic, S and Di Pino, G and Rossini, L and Yoshida, K and Denaro, L and Dario, P and Rossini, PM (2010) Decoding Information From Neural Signals Recorded Using Intraneural Electrodes: Toward the Development of a Neurocontrolled Hand Prosthesis. Proceedings of the IEEE, 98 (3). pp. 407-417. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2009.2038726

Newton, NJ and Mitter, SK (2010) Variational Bayes and a Problem of Reliable Communication I: Finite Systems. Communications in Information and Systems, 10 (3). pp. 155-182. DOI https://doi.org/10.4310/cis.2010.v10.n3.a2

Oyekan, J and Hu, H and Gu, D (2010) Bio-Inspired Coverage of Invisible Hazardous Substances in the Environment. International Journal of Information Acquisition, 07 (03). pp. 193-204. DOI https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219878910002154

Oyekan, John and Hu, Huosheng (2010) A novel bio-controller for localizing pollution sources in a medium peclet environment. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 7 (4). pp. 345-353. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(10)60266-1

Poesio, Massimo and Rieser, Hannes (2010) Completions, Coordination, and Alignment in Dialogue. Dialogue Discourse, 1. pp. 1-89.

Poli, Riccardo and Cinel, Caterina and Citi, Luca and Sepulveda, Francisco (2010) Reaction-time binning: A simple method for increasing the resolving power of ERP averages. Psychophysiology, 47 (3). pp. 467-485. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00959.x

Poli, Riccardo and Citi, Luca and Salvaris, Mathew and Cinel, Caterina and Sepulveda, Francisco (2010) Eigenbrains: the free vibrational modes of the brain as a new representation for EEG. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE, 2010. pp. 6011-6014. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627593

Qingfu Zhang and Wudong Liu and Tsang, Edward and Virginas, Botond (2010) Expensive Multiobjective Optimization by MOEA/D With Gaussian Process Model. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 14 (3). pp. 456-474. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tevc.2009.2033671

Quirce, Ana and Valle, Angel and Hurtado, Antonio and Gimenez, Carolina and Pesquera, Luis and Adams, Michael J (2010) Experimental Study of Transverse Mode Selection in VCSELs Induced by Parallel Polarized Optical Injection. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 46 (4). pp. 467-473. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2009.2036270

Rossini, Paolo M and Micera, Silvestro and Benvenuto, Antonella and Carpaneto, Jacopo and Cavallo, Giuseppe and Citi, Luca and Cipriani, Christian and Denaro, Luca and Denaro, Vincenzo and Di Pino, Giovanni and Ferreri, Florinda and Guglielmelli, Eugenio and Hoffmann, Klaus-Peter and Raspopovic, Stanisa and Rigosa, Jacopo and Rossini, Luca and Tombini, Mario and Dario, Paolo (2010) Double nerve intraneural interface implant on a human amputee for robotic hand control. Clinical Neurophysiology, 121 (5). pp. 777-783. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.01.001

Ryde, Julian and Hu, Huosheng (2010) 3D mapping with multi-resolution occupied voxel lists. Autonomous Robots, 28 (2). pp. 169-185. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-009-9158-3

S. Ghanbari and J. C. Woods and S. M. Lucas (2010) Object-based semi-automatic tool for content retrieval. Electronics Letters, 46 (1). pp. 44-46. DOI https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.2114

Salvaris, M and Sepulveda, F (2010) Classification effects of real and imaginary movement selective attention tasks on a P300-based brain?computer interface. Journal of Neural Engineering, 7 (5). creators-Sepulveda=3AFrancisco=3A=3A. DOI https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2560/7/5/056004

Salvaris, Mathew and Cinel, Caterina and Poli, Riccardo and Citi, Luca and Sepulveda, Francisco (2010) Exploring multiple protocols for a brain-computer interface mouse. 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2010. pp. 4189-4192. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627388

Sangwine, Stephen J and Alfsmann, Daniel (2010) Determination of the Biquaternion Divisors of Zero, Including the Idempotents and Nilpotents. Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, 20 (2). pp. 401-410. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00006-010-0202-3

Sangwine, Stephen J and Bihan, Nicolas Le (2010) Quaternion Polar Representation with a Complex Modulus and Complex Argument Inspired by the Cayley-Dickson Form. Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, 20 (1). pp. 111-120. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00006-008-0128-1

Stolz, Christoph and Labukhin, Dmitry and Zakhleniuk, Nickolay A and Adams, Michael J (2010) Dynamics of Optically-Injected Semiconductor Lasers Using the Travelling-Wave Approach. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 46 (2). pp. 220-227. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2009.2030511

Sun, J and Zhang, Q and Li, J (2010) Two-level evolutionary approach to the survivable mesh-based transport network topological design. Journal of Heuristics, 16 (5). pp. 723-744. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-009-9115-5

Tao Geng and Gan, JQ (2010) Planar Biped Walking With an Equilibrium Point Controller and State Machines. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 15 (2). pp. 253-260. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2009.2024742

Thomos, Nikolaos and Frossard, Pascal (2010) Network Coding of Rateless Video in Streaming Overlays. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 20 (12). pp. 1834-1847. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2010.2087830

Tiras, E and Gunes, M and Balkan, N and Schaff, WJ (2010) In rich In_1−<i>x</i> Ga_<i>x</i> N: Composition dependence of longitudinal optical phonon energy. physica status solidi (b), 247 (1). pp. 189-193. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200945144

Triay, Joan and Zervas, Georgios S and Cervelló-Pastor, Cristina and Simeonidou, Dimitra (2010) Multiservice QoS-Enabled MAC for Optical Burst Switching. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2 (8). p. 530. DOI https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.2.000530

Wagner, Christian and Hagras, Hani (2010) Toward General Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems Based on zSlices. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 18 (4). pp. 637-660. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2010.2045386

Wallace, Denise and Eltiti, Stacy and Ridgewell, Anna and Garner, Kelly and Russo, Riccardo and Sepulveda, Francisco and Walker, Stuart and Quinlan, Terence and Dudley, Sandra EM and Maung, Sithu and others (2010) Do TETRA (Airwave) base station signals have a short-term impact on health and well-being? A randomized double-blind provocation study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118 (6). p. 735. DOI https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.0901416

Wan, Yun and Fasli, Maria (2010) COMPARISON-SHOPPING AND RECOMMENDATION AGENTS: A RESEARCH AGENDA. JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE RESEARCH, 11 (3). pp. 175-177.

Waring, Jen and Klenell, Markus and Bechtold, Ulrike and Underwood, Graham JC and Baker, Neil R (2010) LIGHT‐INDUCED RESPONSES OF OXYGEN PHOTOREDUCTION, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCTION AND SCAVENGING IN TWO DIATOM SPECIES¹. Journal of Phycology, 46 (6). pp. 1206-1217. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00919.x

Yazdanpanahi, Mani and Bulja, Senad and Mirshekar-Syahkal, Dariush and James, Richard and Day, Sally E and Fernandez, F Aníbal (2010) Measurement of Dielectric Constants of Nematic Liquid Crystals at mm-Wave Frequencies Using Patch Resonator. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59 (12). pp. 3079-3085. DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2062910

Zervas, Georgios S and Martini, Valerio and Qin, Yixuan and Escalona, Eduard and Nejabati, Reza and Simeonidou, Dimitra and Baroncelli, Fabio and Martini, Barbara and Torkmen, Karim and Castoldi, Piero (2010) Service-Oriented Multigranular Optical Network Architecture for Clouds. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2 (10). p. 883. DOI https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.2.000883

de Valicourt, G and Porzi, C and Guina, M and Balkan, N (2010) Dilute nitride vertical-cavity gate for all-optical logic at 1.3 µm. IET Optoelectronics, 4 (5). pp. 201-209. DOI https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2009.0078

Book Section

Al-Mejibli, I and Colley, MJ (2010) Evaluating UPnP Service Discovery Protocols by using NS2 Simulator. In: Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference (CEEC), 2010. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 1-5. ISBN 9781424490295.

Al-Meljibli, I and Colley, MJ (2010) Evaluating Transmission Time of Service Discovery Protocols by using NS2 Simulator. In: 2010 6th Conference on Wireless Advanced (WiAD). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), London. ISBN 9781424470693.

Askar, Shavan and Zervas, Georgios and Hunter, David K and Simeonidou, Dimitra (2010) Classified cloning for QoS provisioning in OBS networks. In: 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. IEEE, pp. 1-3. ISBN 9781424485369. Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2010.5621339

Askar, Shavan K A and Zervas, Georgios S and Hunter, David K and Simeonidou, Dimitra (2010) A Novel QoS provisioning Scheme for OBS networks. In: Proceedings of Broadnets 2010. Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering (ICST).

Bartle, R (2010) From MUDs to MMORPGs: The History of Virtual Worlds. In: International Handbook of Internet Research. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-9788-1.

Escalona, Eduard and Qin, Yixuan and Zervas, Georgios and Triay, Joan and Zarris, George and Amaya-Gonzalez, Norberto and Nejabati, Reza and Cervello-Pastor, Cristina and Simeonidou, Dimitra (2010) Experimental demonstration of a novel QoS-aware hybrid optical network. In: 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. IEEE, pp. 1-3. ISBN 9781424485369. Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2010.5621542

Fernandez-Palacios, Juan P and Gutierrez, Noemi and Carrozzo, Gino and Bernini, Giacomo and Aracil, Javier and Lopez, Victor and Zervas, Georgios S and Nejabati, Reza and Simeonidou, Dimitra and Basham, Mark and Christofi, Dora (2010) Metro Architectures enabling Subwavelengths: Rationale and Technical challenges. In: Future Internet and Mobile Summit, ICT-2010 Conference Proceedings. IIMC International Information Management Corporation.

Fleury, M and Jammeh, EA and Razavi, R and Moiron, S and Ghanbari, M (2010) Video Streaming in Evolving Networks under Fuzzy Logic Control. In: Trends in Telecommunications Technologies. Intech. ISBN 9789533070728.

Fox, C (2010) Computational Semantics. In: The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing. Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics . John Wiley & Sons, New York. ISBN 9781118347188.

Oyekan, John and Lu, Bowen and Li, Bo and Gu, Dongbing and Hu, Huosheng (2010) A Behavior Based Control System for Surveillance UAVs. In: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer London, pp. 209-228. ISBN 9781849963282. Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-329-9_10

Qin, Yixuan and Cheng, KCS and Triay, Joan and Escalona, Eduard and Zervas, Georgios S and Zarris, George and Amaya-Gonzalez, Norberto and Cervello-Pastor, Cristina and Nejabati, Reza and Simeonidou, Dimitra (2010) Demonstration of C/S based hardware accelerated QoT estimation tool in dynamic impairment-aware optical network. In: 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. IEEE, pp. 1-3. ISBN 9781424485369. Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2010.5621550

Wang, Zongyao and Gu, Dongbing (2010) A Leader-Follower Flocking System Based on Estimated Flocking Center. In: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer London, pp. 191-208. ISBN 9781849963282. Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-329-9_9

Zervas, Georgios S and Zarris, George and Amaya-Gonzalez, Norberto and Triay, Joan and Escalona, Eduard and Qin, Yixuan and Cervello-Pastor, Cristina and Nejabati, Reza and Simeonidou, Dimitra (2010) Experimental demonstration of a self-optimised multi-bit-rate optical network. In: 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication. IEEE, pp. 1-3. ISBN 9781424485369. Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2010.5621539

Monograph

Kampouridis, M and Chen, S and Tsang, E (2010) CES-509 Market Microstructure: Can Dinosaurs Return? A Self-Organizing Map Approach under an Evolutionary Framework. UNSPECIFIED. CES-509, University of Essex, Colchester.

Kampouridis, M and Chen, S and Tsang, E (2010) The Market Fraction Hypothesis under different GP algorithms. UNSPECIFIED. CES-511, University of Essex, Colchester.

Reinhardt, G and Chatsiou, A (2010) Evaluating the Essex Data Programme: Data Collection and Data Management Plan. Technical Report. University of Essex, Colchester. (Submitted)

Conference or Workshop Item

Abdullahi, Aisha A and Lucas, Simon M (2010) Temporal difference learning with Interpolated N-Tuple networks: initial results on pole balancing. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Al Moubayed, Noura and Shiekh Hasan, Bashar Awwad and Gan, John Q and Petrovski, Andrei and McCall, John (2010) Binary-SDMOPSO and its application in channel selection for Brain-Computer Interfaces. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Al-Seyab, R and Schires, K and Khan, N and Hurtado, A and Henning, ID and Adams, MJ (2010) Novel theory and experiments on dynamics of polarised optical injection in long-wavelength VCSELs. In: 2010 IEEE 22nd International Semiconductor Laser Conference (ISLC), 2010-09-26 - 2010-09-30.

Alhejali, Atif M and Lucas, Simon M (2010) Evolving diverse Ms. Pac-Man playing agents using genetic programming. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Almehdar, Mohamed and Hagras, Hani (2010) An intelligent fuzzy based system for market design agents. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Almuhairi, H and Fleury, M and Clark, AF (2010) Time-weighted evaluation of image segmentation with a genetic algorithm. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Azouz, M and Shaltout, A and Elshafei, MAL and Abdel-Rahim, M and Hagras, H and Zaher, M and Ibrahim, M (2010) Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Energy Systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON?10), ? - ?.

Ball, Matthew and Callaghan, Vic and Gardner, Michael (2010) An Adjustable-Autonomy Agent for Intelligent Environments. In: 2010 6th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), 2010-07-19 - 2010-07-21.

Ball, Matthew and Callaghan, Vic and Gardner, Michael and Trossen, Dirk (2010) Achieving human-agent teamwork in eHealth based pervasive intelligent environments. In: 4th International ICST Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, 2010-03-22 - 2010-03-25.

Bowen Lu and Dongbing Gu and Huosheng Hu (2010) Environmental field estimation of mobile sensor networks using support vector regression. In: 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010), 2010-10-18 - 2010-10-22.

Budhawant, A and Deo, P and Mehta, A and Mirshekar-Syahkal, D and Massey, PJ and Nakano, H (2010) Wi-Fi range and speed enhancement using HHIS based steerable square loop antenna. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting, 2010-07-11 - 2010-07-17.

Bulja, S and Mirshekar-Syahkal, D and Yazdanpanahi, M and James, R and Day, SE and Fernandez, FA (2010) 60 GHz Reflection Type Phase Shifter based on liquid crystal. In: 2010 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS 2010), 2010-01-10 - 2010-01-14.

Bulja, Senad and Mirshekar-Syahkal, Dariush and James, Richard and Day, Sally E and Fernandez, F Aníbal (2010) Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals at Millimeter Wavelength. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Bulja, Senad and Mirshekar-Syahkal, Dariush and Yazdanpanahi, Mani and James, Richard and Day, Sally E and Fernandez, F Anibal (2010) Advances in LC characterization with application to development of mm-wave devices. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS), 2010-08-28 - 2010-09-03.

Chorti, Arsenia and Kanaras, Ioannis and Rodrigues, Miguel RD and Darwazeh, Izzat (2010) Joint channel equalization and detection of Spectrally Efficient FDM signals. In: 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2010), 2010-09-26 - 2010-09-30.

Citi, Luca and Poli, Riccardo and Cinel, Caterina (2010) High-Significance Averages of Event-Related Potential Via Genetic Programming. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Clark, AF and Woods, JC and Oechsle, O (2010) A low-cost airborne platform for ecological monitoring. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Cutello, Vincenzo and Nicosia, Giuseppe and Pavone, Mario and Stracquadanio, Giovanni (2010) Entropic divergence for population based optimization algorithms. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Cutello, Vincenzo and Nicosia, Giuseppe and Pavone, Mario and Stracquadanio, Giovanni (2010) An Information-Theoretic Approach for Clonal Selection Algorithms. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Dignum, Stephen and Kruschwitz, Udo and Fasli, Maria and Kim, Yunhyong and Song, Dawei and Beresi, Ulises Cervino and de Roeck, Anne (2010) Incorporating Seasonality into Search Suggestions Derived from Intranet Query Logs. In: 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence-Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT), 2010-08-31 - 2010-09-03.

Dongbing Gu and Huosheng Hu (2010) Distributed minimax filter for tracking and flocking. In: 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010), 2010-10-18 - 2010-10-22.

Dooley, J and Davies, M and Ball, M and Callaghan, V and Hagras, H and Colley, MJ and Gardner, M (2010) Decloaking Big Brother: Demonstrating Intelligent Environments. In: International Conference on Intelligent Environments, 2010-07-19 - 2010-07-21, Kuala Lumpur.

Dooley, James and Callaghan, Vic and Hagras, Hani and Bull, Phil (2010) Simpleware Device Surrogates: Enabling High-Level Description and Interaction with Resource Constrained Devices. In: 2010 6th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), 2010-07-19 - 2010-07-21.

Ehsan, Shoaib and Clark, Adrian F and McDonald-Maier, Klaus D (2010) Hardware Based Scale- and Rotation-Invariant Feature Extraction: A Retrospective Analysis and Future Directions. In: 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2009-12-28 - 2009-12-30, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Ehsan, Shoaib and Kanwal, Nadia and Bostanci, Erkan and Clark, Adrian and McDonald-Maier, Klaus (2010) Analysis of interest point distribution in SURF octaves. In: 3rd International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2010), 2010-12-28 - 2010-12-30, Hong Kong. (Unpublished)

El-Haj, M and Kruschwitz, U and Fox, C (2010) Using Mechanical Turk to Create a Corpus of Arabic Summaries. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Elfaham, Amr and Hagras, Hani and Helal, Sumi and Hossain, Shantonu and Lee, Jae Woong and Cook, Diane (2010) A fuzzy based verification agent for the Persim human activity simulator in Ambient Intelligent Environments. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Gautam, N and Deo, P and Mehta, A and Mirshekar-Syahkal, D and Massey, PJ and Nakano, H (2010) Circularly polarized square patch antenna with square slots for RFID reader applications. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting, 2010-07-11 - 2010-07-17.

Gunes, M and Balkan, N and Yilmaz, M and Ulug, B and Ulug, A and Schaff, WJ and Vainos, Nikolaos and Couris, Stelios and Paspalakis, Emmanuel and Koutselas, Ioannis and Pissadakis, Stavros (2010) A Study of Optical and Electrical Properties of In-rich In[sub 1-x]Ga[sub x]N. In: INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS TOPICAL MEETING ON EMERGING TRENDS AND NOVEL MATERIALS IN PHOTONICS, ? - ?, Delphi, GReece.

Hagras, Hani and Ramadan, Rabie and Nawito, Mousata and Gabr, Hala and Zaher, Mina and Fahmy, Hussien (2010) A fuzzy based hierarchical coordination and control system for a robotic agent team in the robot Hockey competition. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Hasan, Bashar Awwad Shiekh and Gan, John Q and Zhang, Qingfu (2010) Multi-objective evolutionary methods for channel selection in Brain-Computer Interfaces: Some preliminary experimental results. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Hurtado, A and Gauss, V and Jorgesen, D and Esener, S and Adams, MJ (2010) All-optical inverter with a vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Hurtado, A and Schires, K and Khan, N and Quirce, A and Valle, A and Pesquera, L and Henning, ID and Adams, MJ (2010) Experimental stability maps of a 1550nm-VCSEL subject to polarized optical injection. In: OPTO, ? - ?.

Ibrahim, M and Khairy, A and Hagras, H and Zaher, M and El Shafei, A and Shaltout, A and Rehim, NA (2010) Studying the Effect of Decentralized Battery Storage to Smooth the Generated Power of a Grid Integrated Wind Energy Conversion System. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON?10), ? - ?.

Ibrahim, Mohamed and Khairy, Amr and Hagras, Hani and Zaher, Mina (2010) Using a fuzzy agent in modeling lead-acid battery operating in grid connected wind energy conversion systems. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Khdour, Thair and Fasli, Maria (2010) A Semantic-Based Web Service Registry Filtering Mechanism. In: 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2010-04-20 - 2010-04-23.

Konstantinidis, Andreas and Charalambous, Christoforos and Zhou, Aimin and Zhang, Qingfu (2010) Multi-objective mobile agent-based Sensor Network Routing using MOEA/D. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Kovalchuk, Yevgeniya and Fasli, Maria (2010) A Demand-Driven Approach for a Multi-Agent System in Supply Chain Management. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Labukhin, D and Stolz, CA and Zakhleniuk, N and Loudon, R and Adams, MJ (2010) Nonlinear spatio-temporal dynamics of optically-injected three-section tunable DBR lasers. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Li, Tongtao and Fei, Minrui and Hu, Huosheng (2010) Performance Analysis of Industrial Wireless Network Based on IEEE 802.15.4a. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Liu, Bo and Fernandez, Francisco V and Zhang, Qingfu and Pak, Murat and Sipahi, Suha and Gielen, Georges (2010) An enhanced MOEA/D-DE and its application to multiobjective analog cell sizing. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Lorrentz, Pierre and Howells, Gareth and McDonald-Maier, Klaus (2010) Model learning from weights by adaptive enhanced probabilistic convergent network. In: 18th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks - Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning, ESANN 2010, 2010-04-28 - 2010-04-30, Bruges, Belgium.

Lucas, Simon M (2010) Estimating learning rates in evolution and TDL: Results on a simple grid-world problem. In: 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG), 2010-08-18 - 2010-08-21.

Lucas, Simon M (2010) Grammatical Inference and Games: Extended Abstract. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Lucas, Simon M (2010) Playing Games with Computational Intelligence. In: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, Book of Invited Lectures.

Oyekan, John and Hu, Huosheng (2010) A novel bacterial foraging algorithm for automated tuning of PID controllers of UAVs. In: 2010 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA), 2010-06-20 - 2010-06-23.

Oyekan, John and Hu, Huosheng and Gu, Dongbing (2010) Exploiting bacterial swarms for optimal coverage of dynamic pollutant profiles. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2010-12-14 - 2010-12-18.

Oyekan, John and Huosheng Hu (2010) Bacteria controller implementation on a physical platform for pollution monitoring. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010), 2010-05-03 - 2010-05-07.

Pagonis, John and Clark, Adrian F (2010) Engene: A genetic algorithm classifier for content-based recommender systems that does not require continuous user feedback. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Pena Rios, Anasol and Chin, Jeannette SY and Callaghan, Victor L (2010) A Web Based Approach to Virtual Appliance Creation, Programming and Management. In: 2010 6th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), 2010-07-19 - 2010-07-21, IEEE.

Qadri, Muhammad Yasir and Matichard, Dorian and McDonald-Maier, Klaus (2010) JetBench: An Open Source Real-time Multiprocessor Benchmark. In: Architecture of Computing Systems - ARCS 2010 23rd International Conference, 2010-02-22 - 2010-02-25, Hannover, Germany.

Qadri, Muhammad Yasir and McDonald-Maier, Klaus (2010) Analytical Evaluation of Energy and Throughput for Multilevel Caches. In: 2010 12th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation, 2010-03-24 - 2010-03-26, Cambridge, UK.

Qadri, Muhammad Yasir and McDonald-Maier, Klaus (2010) A fuzzy logic based dynamic reconfiguration scheme for optimal energy and throughput in symmetric chip multiprocessors. In: 2010 NASA/ESA Conference on Adaptive Hardware and Systems (AHS), 2010-06-15 - 2010-06-18, Anaheim, CA, USA.

Qadri, Muhammad Yasir and McDonald-Maier, Klaus D (2010) A Fuzzy Logic Reconfiguration Engine for Symmetric Chip Multiprocessors. In: 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2010-02-15 - 2010-02-18, Krakow, Poland.

Quirce, A and Cuesta, JR and Valle, A and Hurtado, A and Pesquera, L and Adams, MJ (2010) Polarization bistability in long-wavelength multitransverse-mode VCSELs induced by orthogonal optical injection. In: SPIE Photonics Europe, ? - ?.

Ramadan, Rabie A and Hagras, Hani and Nawito, Moustafa and Faham, Amr El and Eldesouky, Bahaa (2010) The Intelligent Classroom: Towards an Educational Ambient Intelligence Testbed. In: 2010 6th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), 2010-07-19 - 2010-07-21.

Sahab, Nazanin and Hagras, Hani (2010) A hybrid approach to modeling input variables in non-singleton type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Samothrakis, Spyridon and Lucas, Simon M (2010) Planning using online evolutionary overfitting. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Samothrakis, Spyridon and Rob, David and Lucas, Simon M (2010) A UCT agent for Tron: Initial investigations. In: 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG), 2010-08-18 - 2010-08-21.

Stolz, CA and Labukhin, D and Zakhleniuk, N and Loudon, R and Adams, MJ (2010) Spatio-temporal dynamics of a multi-section tunable laser with and without optical injection. In: SPIE Photonics Europe, ? - ?.

Stolz, CA and Labukhin, D and Zakhleniuk, N and Loudon, R and Adams, MJ and Vainos, Nikolaos and Couris, Stelios and Paspalakis, Emmanuel and Koutselas, Ioannis and Pissadakis, Stavros (2010) Locking Bandwidth of an Optically-Injected Multi-Section Tunable Laser. In: INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS TOPICAL MEETING ON EMERGING TRENDS AND NOVEL MATERIALS IN PHOTONICS, ? - ?.

Stracquadanio, Giovanni and Drago, Concetta and Romano, Vittorio and Nicosia, Giuseppe (2010) An Immunological Algorithm for Doping Profile Optimization in Semiconductors Design. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Stracquadanio, Giovanni and Drago, Concetta and Romano, Vittorio and Nicosia, Giuseppe (2010) Multi-objective optimization of doping profile in semiconductor design. In: GECCO '10: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, ? - ?.

Stracquadanio, Giovanni and Umeton, Renato and Papini, Alessio and Liò, Pietro and Nicosia, Giuseppe (2010) Analysis and Optimization of C3 Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on BioInformatics and BioEngineering, 2010-05-31 - 2010-06-03.

Sudhakaran, Sreejith and Chung, Wah Man and McDonald-Maier, Klaus and Howells, Gareth (2010) UML based hierarchical state diagram approach for protocol designs. In: 2nd Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Conference (CEEC) 2010, 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-09, Colchester, UK.

Sun, Junxi and Hao, Defang and Hao, Lifeng and Yang, Huamin and Gu, Dongbing (2010) A digital image inpainting method based on multiscale markov random field. In: 2010 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA), 2010-06-20 - 2010-06-23.

Tairan, Nasser and Zhang, Qingfu (2010) Population-Based Guided Local Search: Some preliminary experimental results. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Theodoridis, T and Theodorakopoulos, P and Huosheng Hu (2010) Evolving aggressive biomechanical models with genetic programming. In: 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010), 2010-10-18 - 2010-10-22.

Theodoridis, Theodoros and Agapitos, Alexandros and Hu, Huosheng (2010) A QA-TSK fuzzy model vs evolutionary decision trees towards nonlinear action pattern recognition. In: 2010 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA), 2010-06-20 - 2010-06-23.

Tserpes, Konstantinos and Jacovi, Michal and Gardner, Michael and Triantafillou, Anna and Cohen, Benjamin (2010) +Spaces: Intelligent Virtual Spaces for eGovernment. In: 2010 6th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), 2010-07-19 - 2010-07-21.

Wagner, Christian and Hagras, Hani (2010) Fuzzy Composite Concepts based on human reasoning. In: Integration (2010 IRI), 2010-08-04 - 2010-08-06.

Wagner, Christian and Hagras, Hani (2010) Uncertainty and type-2 fuzzy sets and systems. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Wagner, Christian and Hagras, Hani (2010) A collection operator for type-2 fuzzy logic systems. In: 2010 UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence (UKCI), 2010-09-08 - 2010-09-10.

Wang, Zongyao and Gu, Dongbing and Meng, Tao and Zhao, Yanzhi (2010) Consensus Target Tracking in Multi-robot Systems. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Wei, Lai and Hu, Huosheng (2010) EMG and visual based HMI for hands-free control of an intelligent wheelchair. In: 2010 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2010), 2010-07-07 - 2010-07-09.

Wei, Lai and Hu, Huosheng (2010) Multi-modality — EMG and Visual Based Hands-Free Control of an Intelligent Wheelchair. In: UNSPECIFIED, ? - ?.

Wei, Lai and Hu, Huosheng and Lu, Tao and Yuan, Kui (2010) Evaluating the performance of a face movement based wheelchair control interface in an indoor environment. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2010-12-14 - 2010-12-18.

Zaher, Mina and Hagras, Hani (2010) Data generated type-2 fuzzy logic model for control of wind turbines. In: 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), 2010-11-29 - 2010-12-01.

Zaher, Mina and Hagras, Hani and Khairy, Amr and Ibrahim, Mohamed (2010) A type-2 fuzzy logic based model for renewable wind energy generation. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Zhang, Qingfu and Li, Hui and Maringer, Dietmar and Tsang, Edward (2010) MOEA/D with NBI-style Tchebycheff approach for portfolio management. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Zhou, Aimin and Zhang, Qingfu (2010) A surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm for minimax optimization. In: 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2010-07-18 - 2010-07-23.

Book

Beer, M and Fasli, M and Richards, D (2010) Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multi-agent systems for Education and Interactive Entertainment (MASEIE), held in conjunction with the Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems (AAMAS) Conference, 11 May 2010, Toronto, Canada. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (IFAAMAS).

Clark, A and Fox, C and Lappin, S (2010) Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing. Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA, USA. ISBN 9781405155816.

Liu, H and Gu, D and Howlett, R and Liu, Y (2010) Robot Intelligence: an Advanced Knowledge Processing Approach. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing, 14 . Springer. ISBN 9781849963305.

Thesis

Chatsiou, Kakia (2010) An LFG approach to Modern Greek Relative Clauses. PhD thesis, University of Essex.

Quinlan, TJ (2010) Multi- Gigabit Patch Antenna Wireless Links: An Experimental Investigation. Masters thesis, UNSPECIFIED.